Repubulika y’u Rwanda n’ingoma

U Rwanda rwamaze imyaka ibihumbi n’amagana rugengwa n’Abami,rumara imyaka mirongo itandatu ruhatswe n’Abazungu.Mu mwaka W’1962 nibwo u Rwanda rwigobotoye iyo njishi rwiyemeza kuba Repubulika,aho rubanda yishyira ikizana.

Repubulika nayo yakomeje umuco w’u Rwanda wari umaze gucengerwamo n’uw’amahanga.Koko rero u Rwanda ntirwashoboraga kugumana umuco wa kera uko wakabaye,ku mpamvu z’ikezamana n’amashuri yari amaze gushinga imizi mu gihugu,ku mpamvu kandi z’ibitangazamakuru,Radiyo,Sinema,n’ingendo z’urujya n’uruza.

Mu by'ukuri umuntu yavuga ko umuco nyarwanda wirengagiza imihango n’imiziro ya kera,ukibanda ahubwo ku muco rusange wa ba Sogokuruza ushobora gusabana n’ibihe byo muri iki kinyejana cya 21.

Ingoma z’Imivugo muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda

Ingoma z’Imivugo zakomeje kugira umwanya w’ingenzi mu rubuga rw’imikino y’u Rwanda.Mu gihe cya Repubulika ,abategetsi ntibirengagije uruhare rw’Ingoma zifite mu iremamuco w’Abaturarwanda n’ihamyamubano w’u Rwanda n’amahanga.

Mu w’1967 ahantu I Montreal muri Canada, habaye Imurika mpuzamahanga ry’ibintu n’ibindi.Muri iyo sabukuru mpuzamiryango u Rwanda rwahagarariwe n’Intore za Masango (ubu ni mu Karere ka Ruhango), n’Abiru bo mu Birambo.

Dore amazina y’abo Biru uko bakurikiranaga mu Mutagara wabo n’itonde ry’Imyanya yabo :

• Inyahura  :

1. Bikamba

2. Ntoyisenge

3. Nyabyenda

• Inumvu

4.Izabiliza

5. Habakurama

• Ibihumurizo

6.Mucumbitsi

7. Bikerinka

8. Nsengimana

9. Tegejo

• Ishakwe

10.Nzayino

Dore imyanya yabo  :

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 8 6 4 1 5 7 3 9

Abo Biru bagiiye muri Canada bitwa Abakaraza.Ubundi Abakaraza ni izina ry’ingabo zo mu Kabagali zari zishinzwe “Indamutsa “.Nk’uko byari bimeze igihe abo Biru bo mu Birambo ho mu Nyantango bagiye muri Canada mu w’1967,Rubanda basaga n’abashaka kwiyibagiza bimwe mu byibutsaga Ingoma ya Cyami.Ijambo Abiru ryari ritangiye kuba n’umuziro.

Bikamba n’abandi bane muri abo Biru bakomokaga mu muryango w’izo ngabo z’Abakaraza.Bahera aho rero bati: Tugende twitwa Abakaraza,mbese nk’uko bavuga :Imvejuru,Inyakare,Inyaruguru,Inyantango.

Bakubutse muri Canada, abatazi iyo nkomoko bakomeza kubita Abakaraza,noneho izina risingirira ko abavuzangoma bose ,na n’ubu,kandi mu by’ukuri izina gakondo ari Abiru.

Mu w’1968 na none Abiru bo mu Birambo batumiwe na SULTANI wo muri IRANI (Shah d’Iran ),bajya Teheran mu Murwa wa Irani ari Intumwa z’u Rwanda,zahavugirije ingoma ,zinezeza Abaperisi.

Mu mwaka ukurikiyeho w’1969,Abataliyani nabo bari barumviye kure ibigwi by’Ingoma z’u Rwanda,barazitumiza,Abiru ba Birtambo bitabana ubwuzu,berekana umuriri w’umutagara wabo,Abataliyani babaha amashyi n’impundu.

Mu w ‘1972, abaturanyi ba Kenya, bati ibuzungu nyibakwiye kwiharira ibyiza bya Afurika ;nibwo batumije Abiru bo mu Birambo,babavugiriza umurishyo Nayirobi idateze kwibagirwa.

Mbere yaho ariko,hagati y’1920 n’1950 ,Misiyoni Gatolika zimwe na zimwe z’I Rwanda ,zari zararemye amatorero y’Ingoma mu mbago zazo zabaga zegeranye n’uturere tw’Abiru gakondo.Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe z’ayo matorero.

• I Save hari Itorero rya Semunyana w’I Mwurire, ryibarutse Padiri Seyoboka waremye amatorero yo kuri Janja mu Bikonya

I Rambura mu Bushiru na Nyundo mu Bugoyi I Kansi hari Itorero rya Mutembe w’I Liba I Rulinda hari irya Bihubi w’I Huro I Murunda hari irya Padiri Leberaho I Kaduha hari irya Batsinda-Gisurere w’I Suti

iri Seyoboka yari umurwanashyaka w’Ingoma .Amatorero ye yashoboye kuvamo abahungu b’abahanga:Kazige wo kuri Janja,Hitimana w’I Rambura,Ngendahimana na Sibomana bo ku Nyundo.

Byongeye kandi Padiri Seyoboka niwe wadukanye imitako y’inigi ku ruhanga no ku ndibaso y’Ingoma,nyuma byimukira mu Rubohero rwo ku Nyundo,yarabivumburiye I Rambura mu w’1956.

Muri Repubulika ya kabiri , Ingeri nyishi z’abagenewe kwita ku rubyiruko zitabiriye intego zo gukwirakwiza umuriri w’Ingoma.

• Amakomini ya Mwendo ,Rubungo na Rubavu yari afite Itorero ry ingoma

• Amashuri yisumbuye ya Kicukiro,St Andre na Seminari ya Kabgayi nayo yari afite Itorero ry’Ingoma.

• Ibigo bya Leta :

• Minisiteri y’Amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye yari ifite Itorero ry’Ingoma ku Kacyiru

• INRS (IRST) Yari ifite Amasimbi n’Amakombe ifite n’Itorero ry’Ingoma I Butare.

• Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko no gutsura Amakoperative yari ifite Itorero ry’Ingoma mu Rukerereza no mu Ndangamirwa , ryakundaga kwitoreza mu Rukari h’I Nyanza no Guserukira u Rwanda mu mahanga.

Ibi rero biratwumvisha neza ko Repubulika y’u Rwanda ikomeye ku muco karande ,ikomeye ku murage w’abasogokuruza,iharanira ubutitsa umunezero n’ihirwe ry’umunyarwanda wese,n’icyatuma umuturarwanda iyo ava akagera ntiyigunge,ahubwo agashira imbeho ,agashira irungu,kandi agakangukira gushoka ingezi y’ibyiza Imana yagabiye u Rwanda.

Ingoma z’I Rwanda mu nza-gihe

Ingoma nk’uko tubizi ni umuco ndengabihe kandi rusange muri Afurika.Ariko uwo muco ukaba waragize icyubahiro cy’umwihariko muri ibi bihugu bidendejemo ibiyaga bigali byacu.Icyo cyubahiro kigenda gisingira indi ntera,uko imyaka ihita n’uko abantu bagenda basangira imigenzereze n’abo baturanye cyangwa se n’abanyamahanga bagenderana.Byongeye kandi ,intekerezo n’imyifatire ya rubanda ihindurwa n’ubujijuke buturuka ku myigishirize y’ikezamana n’iy’ubumenyi bwungurwa n’amashuri.

Nyamara rero ari iryo kezamana ari n’ubumenyi bw’ubwenge ,ntibigomba kwirengagiza ikiri kiza,cyangwa se ngo bisuzugure umuco karande uhuje n’imboneza –bupfura.Ni nacyo gituma Leta y’u Rwanda yiyemeje gushyiraho Minisiteri yagenewe kurera umuco no guhimbaza imyidagaduro muri rubanda.Aho n’ubundi ngo “ugukanira niwe umenya urugukwiye “.Ku bw’ibyo ,mu w’1985 hashyizweho umunsi w’umuco,kugirango:

• U Rwanda rugaragaze umuco warwo

• Abaturarwanda basangire umuco

• Bene Kanyarwanda basakaze ibikorwa bigaragaza umuco

• Babeho Kinyarwanda batarangamiye iby’ahandi gusa

• Koko rero “Igihugu kitagira umuco,ni nk’umubiri utagira umutima “

Mu mashuri yo ha mbere mu Rwanda bakiga mu Giswahiri,Abanafunzi bari bari bafite ururirimbo rw’akarasisi rwasingizaga imihigo y’ishuri n’Ingoma muri aya magambo

”Tufunge Safari,

Tupige firimbi,

Na ngoma zilie kesho asubui,

Kazarika ,tuimbe kabisa

Njiani nyimbo nzuri kwa furaha “

Abana barahamagaranaga bati:

“Nimucyo tugorore ingingo,

Tuvuze inkokera n’ingoma bugicya,

Aho tunyuze hose turangwe n’imbyino n’imihigo y’ibyishimo “

Aba banyeshuri bahamyaga umugambi w’igihugu uharanira umuco utagira amakemwa,umuco ushingiye ku gaciro ka Muntu,umuco ushinze imizi mu mubano w’abantu. Mu by’ukuri si aba banyeshuri bo ha mbere bonyine,u Rwanda rwose rwahagurkiye gushimagiza inganzo y’umuco nyarwanda.

Ku byerekeranye n’ingoma

• Hari Ingoma z’Imihango

Ingoma z’imihango ntizikimenyekana kuko imihango y’Ingoma yajyanaga n’imiterekero n’urusobe rw’intekerezo z’ubwiru.Ibyo rero kubigarukaho muri iki gihe ni nko kurondogora

• Hakaba n’Ingoma z’Imivugo

Ingoma z’Imivugo zo zabaye akaramata.Zigira Umutagara uhimbaza ibirori by’isabukuru mu Rwanda no mu mahanga.Zigira umujegerezo ujyana n’impundu zivugira Imana.Zigira n’ Inkarati zishyidika mu budehe bw’abahinzi bo mu Bufundu bita Imparamba.

Ingoma z’imivugo ntaho zihezwa

• Zakira abashyitsi b’imena

• Ziherekeza abageni

• Zikora umutambagiro runaka

• Zirashayaya mu mikino y’urubyiruko

• Zogeza umupira

• Zicyura Intore

• Zivugira mu mashuri

• Zivugira mu bibeho

• Zivugira no mu bitaramo

Ndabona,umuco ufite kirengera,ukaba ushyigikiwe n’ubwitonzi,n’ubushishozi,ntiwagwa ruhabo.Ingoma ziracyafite ireme.Wenda ku mpamvu z’imvange ya Jazi na Tamutamu,umurishyo rukenkemura wazadohoka,ariko Zigezikaragwe izaramba.Mu by’ukuri rero ,uretse Ingoma –Ngabe yasimbuwe n’Ibendera ,Ingoma z’Imivugo zo ziracyafite umwanya mu Rwanda.

Ibendera ryasimbuye Ingoma –Ngabe

Mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere Ingoma-Ngabe niyo yari Ibendera ry’igihugu mu mahanga ikahagira icyubahiro cy’ikirenga.Ingoma ya Cyami yakuwe mu Rwanda na Repubulika ku wa 25 Nzeri 1961.Ubungubu mu Rwanda Ibendera niryo kimenyetso gikuru cy’Igihugu cyasimbuye Ingoma –Ngabe Kalinga.

Ibendera kimwe n’Indilimbo yubahiriza Igihugu byahiye bihinduka uko Leta zagiye zisimburana ku Butegetsi .Reka turebere hamwe ibirango bya Repubulika zombi.

3.1. Ibirango bya Repubulika ya mbere n’iya Kabiri

Nkuko ibirango by’igihugu bigomba kuba biri,Repubulika ya mbere n’iya Kabiri zari zifite ibirango by’igihugu .Ibyo birango bikaba byari bigizwe n’INDILIMBO YUBAHIRIZA IGIHUGU n’IKIRANGANTEGO CYA REPUBULIKA

A) Ibendera ry’Igihugu

Ibendera ry’u Rwanda muri Repubulika ya mbere n’iya Kabiri ryari rigizwe n’amabara atatu: UMUTUKU, UMUHONDO n’ICYATSI KIBISI hagati hakabamo inyuguti ya R,isobanura RWANDA.

• Ibara ry’umutuku: Ryatwibutsaga umuruho Abanyarwanda barushye ngo bagere ku majyambere tugezeho ubu.Nta kintu cy’igirakamaro hano mu Isi kiboneka kitaruhije.Abantu baremye u Rwanda bakaruha izina n’umuco bakarugeza kuri Demokarasi no ku Bwigenge,nabo bagombye kuruha ,amanywa n’ijoro ndetse bahamenera n’amaraso .Ubwo butwari nibwo iryo bara ryatwibutsaga

• Ibara ry’ umuhondo: Ritwibutsa amahoro yaharaniwe na benshi akaza kugerwaho.Amahoro ni ukumererwa neza kuko ibintu byose bitunganye,kuko nta mutima uhagaze mu baturage.Amahoro azirana n’akarengane n’uburyamirane,kandi ashingiye ku butabera.Buri muturarwanda agomba kumva ko ahagarariwe n’abategetsi ,ko arinzwe n’amategeko y’ubutabera.

• Ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi :Ritwibutsa ko tugomba kwizera.Ni nk’umuterero w’amasaka cyangwa se urugoyi rw’ibishyimbo.Iyo umuhinzi abonye imyaka ye imaze kumera ityo mu murima we ,yizera ko agiye kweza,ko atazabura ikimutunga.N’u Rwanda niko rumeze ,ruri mu cyizere cyo kuba igihugu kiza,gikomeye ,kuko gituwe n’abaturage bagikunze byo kugipfira.

B) Ikirangantego cya Repubulika

C) Indilimbo yubahiriza igihugu

Buri gihugu kigira Indilimbo icyubahiriza ,ikaririmbwa mu birori bikomeye by’igihugu,mu kwakira abakuru b’ibihugu,n’ababihagarariye mu gihugu n’ahandi. Dore Umuriri mpuza-mbaga wa Repubulika ya mbere n’iya Kabiri.

RWANDA RWACU

Rwanda rwacu, Rwanda gihugu cyambyaye Ndakuratan’ishyaka n’ubutwari Iyo nibutse ibigwi wagize kugeza ubu Nshimira abarwanashyaka Bazanye Repubulika idahinyuka Bavandimwe b’uru Rwanda rwacu twese nimuhaguruke Turubumatire mu mahoro, mu kuri Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.

Impundu nizivuge mu Rwanda rwacu Repubulika yakuye ubuhake Ubukolonize bwagiye nk’ifuni iheze Shing’umuzi Demokarasi Waduhaye kwitorera Abategetsi Banyarwanda,Abakuru n’amwe abato mwizihire u Rwanda Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuri Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.

Bavukarwanda mwese muvuze impundu Demokarasi yarwo iraganje Twayiharaniye rwose twes’ uko tungana Gatutsi ,Gatwa na Gahutu Namwe Banyarwanda bandi mwabyiyemeje Indepandansi twatsindiye,twese hamwe tuyishyigikire Tuyibumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuri Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane

Nimucyo dusingize ibendera Arakabaho na Perezida wacu Barakabaho vAbaturage b’iki gihugu Intego yacu banyarwanda, Twishyire kandi twizane mu Rwanda rwacu Twese hamwe ,twung’ubumwe,nta mususu,dutere imbere ko Turubumatire mu mahoro, mu kuri Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane.

3.2. Ibirango bya Repubulika mu gihe cya Leta y’bumwe

Bitewe n’amarorerwa yabaye mu Rwanda ,hakaba Jenoside ,Abahutu bakica Abatutsi.nyuma yihagarikwa ry’iyo Jenoside, byatumye Leta y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yashyizweho ku wa 19/07/1994 igira igitekerezo cyo gusimbura ibirango by’Igihugu kubera ko harimo amacakubiri y’amoko ateranya Abanyarwanda ,bigatuma barushaho kutunga ubumwe ,kandi ariyo ntego nyayo yari igamijwe.Ikindi kandi, nuko ibyo birango bitari bijyanye n’igihe tugezemo, kuko byari bimaze igihe kirekire.Niko gufata icyemezo ntakuka cyo ku bihindura,ibirango bishya bya Repubulika bikaba byarashyizwe ahagaragara ku wa 31/12/2002.Dore imiterere y’ibyo birango:

A)Ibendera ry’Igihugu

Ibendera ry’u Rwanda muu gihe cya Leta y’Ubumwe rigizwe n’amabara atatu:ICYATSI KIBISI, UMUHONDO n’UBURURU .

Aya mabara akurikirana muri ubu buryo :Uvuye hasi uzamuka habanza ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi,rikurikiwe n’ibara ry’umuhondo kandi ayo mabara afata icya kabiri cy’ibendera ryose.

Ikindi gice cya kabiri cyo hejuru kigizwe n’ibara ry’ubururu rishushanyijeho izuba n’imirasire yaryo y’ibara ry’umuhondo wa zahabu riri ku ruhande rw’iburyo .Uwo mubumbe w’izuba n’imirasire bitandukanyijwe n’uruziga rw’ibara ry’ubururu.Ayo mabara afite ubusobanuro bukurikira:

• Ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi :Risobanura ikizere cy’uburumbuke. hakoreshejwe neza imbaraga z’Abanyarwanda n’ibiri mu Rwanda.
• Ibara ry’ umuhondo: Risobanura ubukungu.Abanyarwanda bagombva guhagurukira umurimo ,kugirango bagere ku bukungu burambye
• Ibara ry’ubururu :Risobanura umunezero n’amahoro.Abanyarwanda bagomba guharanira amahoro ,azabageza ku bukungu burambye n’umunezero
• Izuba n’imirasire yaryo by’umuhondo wa zahabu:Bisobanura urumuri rugenda rwiyongera rumurikira bose.Byerekana ubumwe,gukorera mu mucyo no kurwanya ubujiji.

B) Ikirangantego cya Repubulika

1. Ikirangantego cya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ni“UBUMWE, UMURIMO NO GUKUNDA IGIHUGU”

2.Ikirango cya Repubulika y’u Rwanda,kigizwe n’uruziga rufite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi n’ipfundo ry’umugozi usa n’iryo bara upfunditse hasi,ahagana hejuruhakabaho inyandiko “REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA”.Munsi y’ipfundo hari amagambo agize ikirangantego cya Repubulika “UBUMWE,UMURIMO,GUKUNDA IGIHUGU “.Izo nyandiko zanditse mu nyuguti z’umukara ku ibara ry’umuhondo.Icyo kirango kigizwe kandi n’amashusho akurikira :Izuba n’imirasire yaryo,ishaka n’ikawa,agaseke,urugori rufite amenyo y’ibara ry’ubururu n’ingabo imwe iri iburyo n’indi ibumoso.Ibyo bigize ikirango bisobanura ibi bikurikira :

• Urugori rw’umugozi rufite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi n’ipfundo rimwe bivuga ikimenyetso cy’ubumwe .Abanyarwanda bose bibumbiye hamwe,bagize umwe kandi batahiriza umugozi umwe.

• Izuba n’imirasire yaryo makumyabiri n’ine bivuga gukorera mu mucyo no kurwanya ubujiji

• Ishaka rifite ihundo n’amababi ane n’ikawa ifite amababi cumi n’atandatu n’imbuto makumyabiri n’umunani.Bivuga umusaruro unyuranye ugizwe n’ibihingwa ngandurarugo n’ibihingwa ngengabukungu

• Agaseke gapfundikiye k’amabara abiri bivuga gukomera ku muco w’Abanyarwanda: Kuzigama, gufatanya muri byose no gusangira

• Urugori rw’amenyo makumyabiri n’ane ,ariko cumi n’icyenda ariyo agaragara kandi rufite ibara ry’ubururu:

Bivuka ikimenyetso cyo guharanira ikoranabuhanga n’iterambere ry’inganda mu Rwanda.

• Ingabo ebyiri,imwe ibumoso,indi iburyo bivuga gukunda igihugu no kukirinda.Abanyarwanda bose hamwe,mu bumwe,barinze ubusugire bw’igihugu cyabo kandi biteguye kukirengera

C) Indilimbo yubahiriza igihugu

Leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda imaze guhindura Ibendera , Ikirangantego yanahinduye n’INDILIMBO. Dore Umuriri mpuza-mbaga wa Repubulika mu gihe cya Leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.

RWANDA NZIZA

Rwanda nziza gihugu cyacu

Wuje imisozi ,ibiyaga n’ibirunga

Ngobyi iduhetse gahorane ishya

Reka tukurate tukuvuge ibigwi

Wowe utubumbiye hamwe

Twese Abanyarwanda uko watubyaye

Berwa ,sugira,singizwa iteka.

Horana Imana murage mwiza

Ibyo tugukesha ntibishyikirwa

Umuco dusangiye uraturanga

Ururimi rwacu rukaduhuza

Ubwenge ,umutima ,amaboko yacu

Nibigukungahaze uko bikwiye

Nuko utere imbere ubutitsa

Abakurambere b’Intwari

Bitanze batizigama

Baraguhanga uvamo ubukombe

Utsinda ubukoroni na mpatsibihugu

Byayogoje Afurika yose

None uraganje mu bwigenge

Tubukomeyeho uko turi twese

Komeza imihigo Rwanda dukunda

Duhagurukiye kukwitangira

Ngo amahoro asabe mu bagutuye

Wishyire wizane muri byose

Urangwe n’ishyaka utere imbere

Uhamye umubano n’amahanga yose

Maze ijabo ryawe riguhe ijambo

Burya rero,Ibendera ni ikimenyetso cy’Igihugu.Ku buryo ku biro bya buri Karere,ku Bigo by’amashuri n’ahandi riraharanga. Ku minsi mikuru usanga ryijihije amayira n’amazu y’Intara n’Uturere tw’u Rwanda, rikaruhesha ishema.

Dukunde u Rwanda rwacu rwatubyaye,tujye twubahiriza wa muhango w’Ibendera utwibutsa kubumbatira igihugu mu bumwe ,turata Rwanda nziza igihugu cyacu nk’uko Indirimbo yubahiriza Igihugu cy’u Rwanda ibitubwira.

Hifashishijwe

“Ingoma I Rwanda (P. Simpenzwe Gaspard 1992)