Uko Kigali yabaye umujyi

Kigali mu w'1968

Umujyi wa Kigali uri mu Rwanda hagati. Si umurwa mukuru gusa, ahubwo ni n’ihuriro ry’imirimo y’ubucuruzi itandukanye, akaba ari naho ibintu byinshi byinjirira.

Benshi mu bantu bibaza uburyo Umujyi wa Kigali wabayeho, ndetse bakibaza n’imvano y’abanyamahanga b’Abarabu n’Abahinde, dore ko benshi muri bo birirwa mu Mujyi rwagati bakanawuraramo.

Twifashishije inzu y’amateka yitiriwe Umudage Richard Kandt iherereye i Kigali ku Muhima, ikaba ari isoko y’amateka ndetse na byinshi mu biranga u Rwanda, aya ni amwe mu mateka ya Kigali uko yabayeho, uko Abarabu n’Abahinde bahageze, n’icyabagenzaga.

Kigali yabonwaga ite mbere?

Hand Meyer wari impuguke mu bumenyi bw’isi, akaba inzobere mu gusohora no kugurisha ibitabo ndetse akaba n’umwe mu banyaburayi bagiye bakora ubushakashatsi ku bintu binyuranye muri Afurika yasuye Kandt mu 1911 maze agereranya Sitasiyo ya Nyarugenge nk’ikibanza cyo gukoreramo ubuhinzi n’ubworozi cyiza kandi kinini.

Kandt n'abari kumwe bambuka Nyabarongo bagana ibwami.jpg

Richard Kandt yabigenje ate ngo ashinge icyicaro cye i Kigali ?

Rezida mushya akimara kujyaho mu 1907 yatangiye gutegura uko azashinga icyicaro cya Rezidansi cyagombaga kujya hagati mu gihugu. Mu guhitamo ahazajya icyo cyicaro, yashimye umusozi wa Kigali mu Karere ka Bwanacyambwe. Yafashe icyemezo cyo kubaka sitasiyo ku gitwa cya Nyarugenge kitari ku musozi hejuru kandi kitari kure y’umujyi witwaga nawo Nyarugenge.

Ubutegetsi bwa cyami se bwabyifashemo gute ?

Umwami Yuhi V Musinga yahise yumva ko kuba sitasiyo nshya yubatswe hagati mu gihugu bigaragaza ko Abadage bari bihaye ubushobozi burenze ubwo yabageneraga, maze asaba Kandt kudashinga Rezidanse muri ako gace . Icyerekana ko icyo Umwami yari yasabye yari agikomeyeho ni uko yoherereje Kandt inka n’inyana yayo : ubundi mu Rwanda impano y’inka n’inyana yayo yatangwaga n’umuntu ufite icyo asaba shebuja. Kandt ntabwo yahumwe amaso n’impano y’umwami, maze yikomereza umushinga we.

Kandt yakoze iki ngo abashe kubaka Rezidansi ikomeye ?

Ibi byari ibiro bya Richard Kandt

Kugirango Kandt yubakishe sitasiyo ikomeye ku buryo uwabaga uri kuri iyo sitasiyo yarebaga mu gishanga, yakoresheje abakozi benshi ariko akabahemba umushahara muto cyane. Ibikoresho byagombaga kuzanwa n’Abanyarwanda. Uretse ibyumba byakorerwagamo n’ubuyobozi ndetse n’iposita, iyo nyubako yari ifite ishuri ry’abahungu bo mu miryango ikomeye. Sitasiyo yabanje kwitwa Nyarugenge nyuma mu Kwakira 1908 iza kwitwa Kigali.

Uko ab’ibwami bwabaga i Nyanza bamenyaga ibya Kigali Kuva i Nyanza ahari icyicaro cy’ubwami kugera aho icyicaro cya Rezida cyari cyubatse byafataga urugendo rw’iminsi ibiri. Ibi bikaba byaratumaga ibwami badashobora gukuriniranira hafi ibikorerwa ku cyicaro cya Rezida, mu gihe byoroheraga Abadage bakoreraga kuri icyo cyicaro kumenya ibibera ibwami i Nyanza.

Rezida yabaga mu nzu ntoya

Kandt yari atuye mu nzu nto yubatse mu matafari, ikaba yari yegeranye n’aho abasirikare b’abofisiye bariraga. Iyo nzu yari ifite ibyumba bibiri, igikoni n’aho kubika ibintu ndetse n’icyumba yakoreshaga nk’ibiro. Ku nkuta z’iyo nzu hari imitako iboshye ndetse n’ibajije bya Kinyarwanda byagaragaraga ko uwayihisemo yari azi kureba ibyiza ; hari hamanitse n’amafoto menshi agaragaza imisozi yo muri Afrurika, nk’uko M. Meyer wamusuye yabitangaje. Rezindansi yagiraga umupolisi umwe gusa Mu mwaka wa mbere, Rezida yari afite umupolisi umwe gusa. Mu ntangiriro ya 1914 hari Abadage batandatu bari bahagarariye ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni aribo : Rezida, Kapiteni Max Wintgens wari umwungirije, umunyamabanga, umukozi ushinzwe iby’amategeko, umupolisi, n’umusirikare wari ufite ipeti rya serija shefu wari ushinzwe iby’ubuzima. Rezidansi yarindwaga n’abasirikare bari bazwi ku izina rya Askari. Kugira abakozi bake ntabwo byari umwihariko wa sitasiyo ya Kigali gusa kuko wasangaga za sitaziyo zose zari muri Afurika Ndage y’iburasirazuba ariko zari zimeze : Muri rusange, izo sitasiyo zari zifite abakozi bake, zikagira amikoro make ndetse zikaba ahantu hitaruye ku buryo zitashoboraga kugira ingufu mu bijyanye n’ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni.

Kigali yaje kuba ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi

Kuba Kigali yari ahantu heza byatumye iba isoko y’ubucuruzi (Centre commercial) bityo hazaga abantu benshi ku buryo mu 1910 Kigali yagenderewe n’amatsinda 2,117 ya ba mukerarugendo ndetse n’abantu ibihumbi makumyabiri batwaraga imizigo, abo bose bakaba baragombaga guhabwa ibinyobwa n’ibiribwa ndetse n’inkwi zo gucana.

Abahinde n’Abarabu ni bamwe mu babanje gucururiza i Kigali

Abacuruzi bari batuye hafi ya sitasiyo abenshi bari Abarabu n’Abahinde. Bari batuye mu mazu asakaje amabati ndetse no mu tuzu twabikagwamo ibicuruzwa. Mu mwaka wa 1911 hari Umugereki wari ufite amangazini yahahirwagamo n’Abanyaburayi ndetse n’abasirikari b’abakoloni b’Abanyafurika.

Uyu Mujyi wa Kigali wahanzwe n’umudage Richard Kandt, uhangwa nk’ihuriro ry’abakoloni n’ibindi bihugu none ubu umaze imyaka isaga ijana. Uyu mujyi ntiwatsinze ibigeragezo byinshi gusa, ahubwo wanaharaniye kuguma kubaho kandi wabaye umujyi wa mbere mu bunini ndetse n’umutima w’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda.

Umujyi wa Kigali ugabanijemo uturere dutatu (Nyarugenge, Gasabo na Kicukiro), tugizwe n’Imirenge 35, nayo igizwe n’Utugari 161, natwo tugabanijemo imidugudu 1061. Ubu Umujyi wa Kigali utuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni. Igice kingana na 70% bya Kigali ni umujyi, naho igice gisigaye ni icy’icyaro. Abaturage ba Kigali benshi ni abakiri bato, aho urubyiruko rugize 60%, n’aho ab’igitsina gore muri Kigali barenze gato 50%.